A plate tectonic view from the top of the world
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract New U–Pb calcite geochronological analysis of shear veins in specimens collected from the summit pyramid of Mount Everest demonstrate that upper crustal deformation recorded in those rocks is Himalayan in age and was ongoing at 45.0 ± 5.4 Ma. This deformation precedes movement along the adjacent Qomolangma detachment by ~30 Myrs and coincides with metamorphism in nearby, structurally deeper, sillimanite‐migmatite gneisses and eclogite. The coeval record of deformation and metamorphism across all crustal levels further coincides with detachment of the Indian oceanic lithospheric slab, the inferred “main” collision and final closure of the Tethys ocean in multi‐collisional models of the Himalaya, and Eocene reorganization of tectonic plates in the South Pacific. This new dataset confirms that the summit rocks from Mount Everest preserve not only a complex, multi‐deformational record of Himalayan orogenesis, but also large‐scale changes in plate tectonics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".