Clinical Management of Sleep and Sleep Disorders With Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Implications to Practicing Psychiatrists
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Phytocannabinoid derivatives are among the several compounds found in the cannabis plant. The phytocannabinoid chemicals Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol are mostly responsible for the drug's behavioral effects. Chronic cannabis administration has been shown to disrupt circadian rhythms and reduce the duration of the deepest phase (stage N3) of nonrapid eye movement sleep. Cannabidiol is thought to be responsible for the disruption of the circadian rhythm, whereas THC is thought to be accountable for the changes in sleep architecture. The quality of one's sleep has a significant impact on cannabis abstinence or relapse. As a result, the diminished sleep-promoting efficiency of cannabis in chronic users, as well as the resulting sleep difficulties once cannabis use is stopped, may sabotage attempts to quit and raise the risk of relapse. In individuals with obstructive sleep apnea who do not complain about the treatment process known as continuous positive airway pressure, cannabinoids are one of the treatments being considered. In this regard, preclinical investigations have demonstrated that combining the agent oleamide and THC aids in the stabilization of respiration in all stages of sleep as well as the maintenance of autonomic stability during sleep. The synthetic THC dronabinol was found to lower the apnea-hypopnea index in a clinical investigation and is regarded safe for the short-term treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Patients experiencing nightmares who had been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder were given the synthetic endocannabinoid receptor agonist nabilone. When compared with a placebo, the chemical proved helpful in reducing the frequency of nightmares. It is worth noting that a single study that looked at the effects of cannabidiol on REM behavior disorder found that symptoms improved. Based on the available findings, cannabinoids can be used as an alternate treatment for various sleep disorders. However, additional research is needed to corroborate the conclusions of these investigations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".