Asymmetric Holmboe instabilities in arrested salt-wedge flows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The asymmetric Holmboe instabilities that form on an arrested salt wedge are investigated in the laboratory. The flow is characterized by three regions. Near the tip of the salt wedge, there is little wave activity; immediately downstream, mostly positive waves form; further downstream, both positive and negative waves are present. The appearance of these regions is determined by the spatial variation in the thickness of the saline layer, the shear layer thickness, and the offset between the density interface and velocity interface. We predict the growth of the instabilities by applying linear stability theory to the mean flow field. The predicted initial growth rate is consistent with the laboratory measurements until the Holmboe wave reaches a steepness ratio of 5–7 %. Then, the growth of the Holmboe wave is nonlinear. We found that the Holmboe wavelength increases downstream along the salt wedge. This wave stretching is related to the increase in the shear layer thickness and is supported by the gradual acceleration of the upper layer fluid. Eventually, the growth of the wave amplitude and the wave stretching balance a maximum wave steepness ratio of 10%. Although the wave is nonlinear, the predicted wave speed and wavelength are consistent with the laboratory measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".