Electrospinning and Electrospraying in Polylactic Acid/Cellulose Composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an aliphatic polyester produced from renewable resources that has the potential to replace petrochemical plastics. PLA has important properties such as biocompatibility and processability. However, this polymer has low mechanical strength and high cost. Thus, blends with other polymers, such as cellulose, have been explored by researchers. Cellulose is a low-cost, non-toxic, biocompatible natural polymer that is suitable for forming PLA/cellulose composites. In addition, nanocellulose has been applied as a reinforcing agent for composites developed with PLA. Some of these polymers and composite materials are being electrospun and electrosprayed into fibers and particles, respectively, which are promising for the development of composites with differentiated functionalities. This chapter discusses the electrospinning and electrospraying processes for producing PLA/cellulose composites, highlighting different technologies, the importance of cellulose as a reinforcing agent, as well as the main applications and challenges in various areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".