Utilisation of extrusion method in geotechnical tests: conception and theoretical analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Extrusion method has been utilised in a variety of product-processing units such as metal casting and food processing. The process of extruding is relatively fast and reproducible, and more importantly, can benchmark shear resistance of extruded materials. These advantages have propelled researchers to practice the extrusion method to determine soil properties, e.g. Atterberg limits and shear strength. Although the mechanics behind the extrusion process remains less understood, studies have verified the feasibility of the benchmarking. This study presents the theoretical basis underpinning the extruding process by extending the conventional slab analysis method to model the entire process of extruding. The developed analytical method is original in assessing the extrusion of the dead material zone and considering the dynamic move of extruded materials. The novel theoretical analysis enhances a more accurate estimation of extruding pressure and builds a solid foundation for developing extrusion tests in geotechnical engineering. In addition, the described extrusion mechanics explains reasons for observing some discrepant correlations to other geotechnical parameters due to the different soil deformation mechanisms among the test methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".