Endoscopic MPM objective designed for depth scanning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One major advantage of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is that it can image below tissue surface and produce a stack of images showing sample structure at various depths. A miniature objective with depth scanning capability is needed for MPM endoscopy. Spherical aberration may be induced when changing the focusing depth during multiphoton microscope depth scanning, thus limiting the range over which images may be acquired. A specially designed miniature objective that minimizes spherical aberration across large range of focusing depths is presented. Simulations show that the 0.53 numerical aperture design can achieve on-axis diffraction limited focusing in water for depths from 0 μm to just over 1400 μm and a diffraction limited field of view of up to 290 μm for a 790 nm laser. In experiment, our multiphoton microscope demonstrates a field of view of 64 μm by 100 μm and a depth scanning range of 440 μm, limited by the scanning hardware. Depth scanning capability is confirmed by imaging 0.1 μm diameter fluorescent beads across the 440 μm range. Biological samples to a depth of 150 μm are imaged using the custom objective; the imaging depth is mainly limited by the absorption and scattering of the sample.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".