Wind Tunnel Test of Drafting at Endurance Run Velocity
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate and quantify the aerodynamics advantage, the physiological and performance advantage produced by pacemaker drafting in the case of long endurance running. The experimental tests have been carried out in a wind tunnel, at submaximal effort two runners done a treadmill run test of five minutes at 4.72 m/s with the same air velocity. By comparison of physiological parameters with and without drafting, the decreasing due to the pacemaker effect was obtained. A CFD simulation is used to analyze aerodynamic effects in terms of drag and drag coefficient with and without drafting at a wind speed of 4.72 m/s. Results indicates that compared to the baseline (running alone), the drafting position show a decrease in drag (-9.73%) and drag coefficient (-9.73%). This reduction in aerodynamic drag also leads to the reduction of the following physiological parameters, as detected by the experimental tests: oxygen consumption (-5.46%), metabolic power (-5.48%), energy cost (-7.31%), produced carbon dioxide (-7.40%), minute ventilation (-5.44%), HR (-0.60%), blood lactate concentration (-16.66%), RPE (-13.89%). Results demonstrate that drafting has a significant effect on aerodynamics parameters, but also on physiological and performance variables in highly and medium trained athletes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it