THE MOVEMENT FOR THE PRESERVATION OF PREMARITAL ABSTINENCE AMONG MEN IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA: THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PHENOMENON
Bibliographic record
Abstract
В последней четверти XIX в. в просвещенных кругах Европы, США и Российской империи начинала зарождаться этическая концепция, согласно которой не только женщины, но и мужчины обязаны были сохранять «чистоту» до брака и вести целомудренный образ жизни; социальные истоки этой идеи можно найти в формировавшемся в этот период самосознании женщин и начинающем активно развиваться движении за равноправие, которое неизбежно ставило вопрос об отмене двойных стандартов и необходимости принятия обществом одинаковых для обоих полов моральных критериев. На волне обозначенного движения в Европе, США и в Российской империи начинали создаваться различные союзы, общества и братства, целью которых была пропаганда добрачного воздержания и целомудренного образа жизни - прежде всего среди мужчин, так как женщины априори должны были, согласно господствовавшим патриархальным представлениям, сохранять девственность до брака (мужчин же подобные ограничения не касались). Несмотря на то, что общество (как в России, так и за рубежом) в целом не было готово к принятию подобных идей (они возникали исключительно в среде интеллигенции и транслировались только самыми передовыми ее представителями), сам факт появления подобного рода объединений говорит о постепенно происходивших изменениях в сфере брачно-семейных отношений. In the last quarter of the XIX century in the enlightened circles of Europe, the United States and the Russian Empire, an ethical concept began to emerge, according to which not only women, but also men were obliged to maintain «purity» before marriage and lead a chaste lifestyle; the social origins of this idea can be found in the self-consciousness of women that was forming during this period and the movement for equality that was beginning to actively develop, which inevitably raised the question of abolishing double standards and the need for society to accept the same moral criteria for both sexes. On the wave of this movement in Europe, the United States and the Russian Empire, various unions, societies and fraternities began to be created, the purpose of which was to promote premarital abstinence and a chaste lifestyle - primarily among men, since women a priori had to, according to the prevailing patriarchal ideas, preserve virginity before marriage. Despite the fact that society as a whole was not ready to accept such ideas, the very fact of the emergence of such associations speaks of a gradual the changes taking place in the field of marriage and family relations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".