10.1016/0967-0653(95)94938-0
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study - carried out between the Elephant and the Orkney islands - showed that spatial variability in the marginal ice-edge zone (MIZ) was greater than that found in open sea. Salinity and silicate contents point to the existence of two fronts: the first - near Elephant Island - separates the Surface Antarctic Water coming from Drake Passage from the winter water originating in the Weddell Sea. This water is characterized by its high concentrations of nitrate (> 30 mu M) and silicates (> 80 mu M). The second front - near the South Orkney Islands undergoes the influence by a less saline water lens (< 34 %), poor in nutrients (N-NO3 < 24 mu M) and rich in chlorophyll (> 3.5 mg Chl a 1(-1)). Water masses circulation reveals the existence of a series of convergences and divergences which alternate along MIZ, together with different haline fronts. These fronts limit three differents zones, taking into account the presence of chlorophyll. In zones where the surface layer presents both low salinity and stability with a thickness of about 40 m, chlorophyll contents are rather high - between 1.5 and 5 mg Chl a. m(-3). On the other hand in the mixing vertical zone, these chlorophyll contents are low (< 0.3 mg Chl a.m(-3)) while the frontal region separating these two zones presents intermediate values and the existence of deep subsurface maximum of chlorophyll. Horizontal variability of integrated Values (on the whole of the euphotic zone) is clearly inferior to the one present in surface concentrations. PON/Chl a and POC/PON relations show their minimum levels in the pack-ice fusion water, as an effect of the high photosynthetic activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.986 | 0.988 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".