Mechanisms for Sustaining the Local Labor Markets in International Mountain Resorts: A Case Study of Whistler, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms for sustaining local labor markets in international mountain resorts according to their regional characteristics, focusing on foreign labor. It remains unclear how international mountain resorts, which have recently struggled to secure labor to accommodate a growing number of visiting tourists, have successfully attracted outside labor to sustain local labor markets. In this case study, Whistler is an example of a resort with an imbalance between the supply and demand of labor due to an increase in demand. When analyzing labor market results in this region, a mechanism emerges that includes two processes for supplying external labor. First, the process involving those who are willing to improve their language or professional skills and obtain permanent residence rights through work promotion, changing work, or starting businesses to establish themselves in a community. Second, the process of seasonal workers going abroad with working holiday visas and for recreational purposes. A specific social regulation effect overcomes three mismatches (space, temporal, and skills) and sustains these local labor markets. In other words, the international labor force travels abroad from one market to another when the spatial divergence is resolved. The process of permanent settlement or seasonal stay of workers is enabled by addressing the divergence between temporal elements and skills in these local labor markets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".