A simplified settlement prediction method for piled rafts in clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A method for the estimation of the non-linear, time-dependent settlement of piled raft foundations (PRFs) embedded in saturated clayey soils subjected to uniformly distributed load under the single-drainage condition was developed. A total of 20 different rectangular PRFs resting on four different types of normally consolidated to moderately overconsolidated clays (overconsolidation ratios of 1, 2 and 5) were analysed to quantify their short- and long-term settlements. Rigorous three-dimensional, elasto-plastic finite-element (FE) analyses were performed with the critical-state-based modified Cam Clay soil constitutive model. Biot's coupled consolidation theory was used to model the time-dependent dissipation of excess pore pressure under the single-drainage condition. The FE analysis results were used to investigate systematically the influence of time and various soil and PRF parameters on the settlement responses of piled rafts. Fitted equations correlating PRF settlements and the degree of consolidation with various influencing parameters were developed. The proposed equations predicted the immediate and primary consolidation settlements and the degree of consolidation with reasonable accuracy and can be used in initial design stages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".