The distribution of sexual function in the flowering plant: from monoecy to dioecy
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In flowering plants, male and female functions are usually closely associated in the same flowers, as predicted by resource allocation theory. However, the benefits of outbreeding can lead to unisexual flowers and the physiological control of their distribution across the plant (monoecy). Monoecy is thought to be a major route to dioecy (separation of sexual function of different individuals). The developmental and functional problems associated with unisexual flowers may thus be solved at the level of the evolution of monoecy. Consequently, the evolution of dioecy from monoecy requires mutations in only a single gene. Here various scenarios (conceptual models) are presented for the evolution of monoecy and dioecy, including scenarios consistent with known cases of single-gene control of dioecy, such as in Populus, and the artificial breeding of dioecy from monoecy experimentally achieved in Zea and Cucumis. Attention is also drawn here to the phenomenon of pleogamy, the minor or occasional occurrence of additional sex morphs within a species, which may provide important information about the genetic and developmental control of various sexual systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sex determination and sex chromosome evolution in land plants’.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it