Closing the global pain divide: balancing access and excess
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Access to pain relief medication is one of the most heinous, hidden inequities in global health. The Lancet Commission on global access to palliative care and pain relief called on health systems and their leaders, including academics, to address the so-called 10–90 pain divide—ie, that the richest 10% of countries possess 90% of distributed morphine-equivalent opioids.1 In an accompanying Article published in The Lancet Public Health, Chengsheng Ju and colleagues contribute evidence that supports the Commission's findings: between 2015 and 2019, disparities in opioid analgesic distribution persisted, despite small increases in regional and global opioid distribution, reflecting the inadequate access to opioid analgesics in countries with a low consumption.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.026 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.018 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".