Two-dimensional response of a floating ice plate to a line load moving at variable speed
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We significantly extend the results of Miles & Sneyd (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 497, 2003, pp. 435–439) for an accelerating line load on a floating ice plate in their simple linear mathematical model by proceeding to numerical calculations for the response due to a decelerating load. Our results show: (i) how the deflections produced by an impulsively started steadily moving line load begin to develop and eventually approach the well-known steady load-speed-dependent quasi-static and wave-like forms, including above the shallow water gravity wave speed where the shadow zone evolves; (ii) the singularity in the deflection predicted in the simple linear model when the load moves steadily is indeed avoided by a uniformly accelerating load, where the magnitude of the deflection continually increases and its maximum lags a little further behind as the load moves through the critical speed and beyond; (iii) there is also no singularity in the deflection due to a uniformly decelerating load, but whereas the response from a subcritical starting speed is preserved and travels with the load, the magnitude of the deflection may become quite large near a load starting from supercritical speed and approaching rest, which is attributed to constructive interference (reinforcement) as erstwhile trailing, predominantly gravity, waves catch up with the load. While this reinforcement poses no risk to Hercules transport aircraft landing on the thick sea ice at McMurdo Sound, it can account for the reported rapid sinking of the detached cockpit shortly after it came to rest in the 1974 Lockheed Electra aircraft crash in the Canadian Arctic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".