Sea level response to Quaternary erosion and deposition in Scandinavia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The landscape in western Scandinavia has undergone dramatic changes through numerous glaciations during the Quaternary. These changes in topography and in the volumes of offshore sediment deposition, have caused significant isostatic adjustments and local sea-level changes, owning to erosional unloading and de- positional loading of the lithosphere. This geomorphic mass redistribution also has the potential to perturb the geoid, resulting in additional sea-level changes. However, the combined sea-level response from these processes is yet to be investigated in detail for Scandinavia. In this study we estimate the total sea-level change from i) late Pliocene- Quaternary onshore bedrock erosion and erosion of sediments on the coastal shelf and ii) the subsequent deposition in the Norwegian Sea, northern North Sea and the Danish region. We use a gravitationally self-consistent global sea- level model that includes the full viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to surface loading and unloading. In addition to total late Pliocene-Quaternary geomorphic mass redistribution, we also estimate transient sea-level changes related specifically to the two latest glacial cycles. We utilize existing observations of offshore sediment thicknesses of glacial origin, and combine these with estimates of onshore glacial erosion and of erosion on the inner shelf. Based on these estimates, we define mass redistribution and construct a preglacial landscape setting as well as approximate a geomorphic history of the last two glacial cycles. Our results show that erosion and deposition has caused a sea-level fall of ∼50-100 m along the southern coast of Norway during the last two glacial cycles reaching ∼120 m in the offshore Skagerak region. The total relative sea-level fall during the Quaternary reach as much as ∼350 m in Skagerak. This highlights the importance of accounting for geomorphic sediment redistribution in glacial isostatic-adjustment modelling when interpreting ice sheet histories and glacial rebound.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".