First Report of Cryptosporidium spp. in Cattle from Jamaica
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite associated with gastrointestinal illness in humans and a wide range of vertebrate animals. Cattle, particularly calves, are widely recognized as major reservoir hosts of zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. Despite this, and cattle being one of the most significant economic mainstays in St. Elizabeth, Jamaica, there is no publish record on the presence of Cryptosporidium in Jamaican cattle nor their potential role as zoonotic reservoirs. Methods: In the present study, 119 fecal specimens were collected from dairy and beef cattle from 10 farms in St. Elizabeth parish. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplifying the 18S rRNA gene, confirmed Cryptosporidium presence in 10 (8 %) of samples. Results: Sequence analysis of PCR products identified three C. parvum isolates (previously reported in calves) and one C. hominis isolate among calves experiencing diarrhea at the time of sample collection. Further nested PCR and sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene, identified the C. hominis IbA9G2 subtype, previously reported in a calf. Conclusions: This reports the first molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. from cattle in Jamaica, and their potential role as zoonotic transmitters of the protozoan parasite. Further molecular investigation is warranted to better understand direct and indirect transmission dynamics of cryptosporidiosis between livestock and humans on the island.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".