A Batteryless Six-Port RFID-Based Wireless Sensor Architecture for IoT Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, a novel architecture for batteryless wireless sensors is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed architecture uses a six-port structure to integrate a UHF radio-frequency identification (RFID) chip with a resistive sensing element to enable the reading of environmental conditions wirelessly, without using a battery at the sensor node. The six-port structure divides an incoming RFID interrogator signal into an in-phase and quadrature branch and implements signal mixing without the use of a lossy or an active mixer. The amplitude and phase of the mixed signal are dependent on the value of the attached sensing element. By reading the phase of this signal at the reader, the value of the element can be easily determined using a noncoherent IQ demodulator. The design can easily integrate any type of resistive sensing element for parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and water level. A pin diode is used to control the amplitude and phase of the backscattered signal to demonstrate the performance. These values are successfully read at a distance of 2 m.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".