Effect of beam wobbling on microstructure and hardness during laser welding of X70 pipeline steel
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laser welding with beam wobbling was employed to weld X70 pipeline steel. The influence of beam wobbling on weld surface morphology, fusion zone microstructure, and microhardness was investigated. The formation of spatter was suppressed by beam wobbling using a beam with higher energy density. At a welding speed of 1.0 m min −1 , the weld metal produced with a circular laser wobble pattern contained more martensite but less ferrite, compared to that of static spot welded joint. The presence of more martensite led to the increase in fusion zone hardness. A softened region was found in the inter-critical heat-affected zone. The hardness of the softened region could be improved by increasing the welding speed (from 1.0 to 1.5 m min −1 ).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it