Electrochemical reduction of quinones in ethaline chosen as an example of deep eutectic solvent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The electrochemical reduction of a series of substituted benzoquinone have been examined in ethaline chosen as an example of ionic deep eutectic solvent. Experiments show the importance of hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the quinones or its intermediates and the solvent. The effects are notably visible on the values of reduction potentials that are much more positive in ethaline than in a molecular solvent like acetonitrile and by the small difference between the first and second reduction potentials. The amplitude of the stabilization increases with the donor character of the substituent. Concerning the second reduction, the peak currents are considerably smaller than those of the first reduction and almost disappear at high scan rates (above 50 V s−1). This behavior could be explained considering a chemical step prior to the electron transfer that becomes the limiting step (CE mechanism). As a remarkable feature, the electron transfer kinetics remain fast despite the hydrogen‐bonding interactions (ks = 0.12–0.14 cm s−1).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".