Sub‐chronic cadmium and lead compound exposure induces reproductive toxicity and development of testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ in murine model: Attenuative effects of resveratrol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cadmium and lead are widespread, nonbiodegradable heavy metals of perpetual environmental concerns. The present study aimed to evaluate whether sub‐chronic exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) and lead acetate [Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 ] induces reproductive toxicity and development of testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) in swiss albino mice. The effects of resveratrol to reverse the metal‐induced toxicity were also analyzed. The mice were randomly divided into four groups for metal treatments and two groups received two different doses of each metal, CdCl 2 (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) and Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 (3 and 6 mg/kg). The fourth group received oral doses of 20 mg/kg resveratrol in combination with 0.5 mg/kg CdCl 2 or 6 mg/kg Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 for 16 weeks. Toxic effects of both metals were estimated qualitatively and quantitatively by the alterations in sperm parameters, oxidative stress markers, testicular histology, and protein expressions of the treated mice. Pronounced perturbation of sperm parameters, cellular redox balance were observed with severe distortion of testicular histo‐architecture in metal exposed mice. Significant overexpression of Akt cascade and testicular GCNIS marker proteins were recorded in tissues treated with CdCl 2 . Notable improvements were observed in all the evaluated parameters of resveratrol cotreated mice groups. Taken together, the findings of this study showed that long‐term exposure to Cd and Pb compounds, induced acute reproductive toxicity and initiation of GCNIS development in mice. Conversely, resveratrol consumption abrogated metal‐induced perturbation of spermatogenesis, testicular morphology, and the upregulation of Akt cascade proteins along with GCNIS markers, which could have induced the development of testicular cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".