A dromaeosaurid-like claw from the Upper Cretaceous of southern France
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dromaeosaurids are poorly known in Europe and their fossil records are mostly postcranial remains. To date, the French faunal records of the family Dromaeosauridae include two taxa: Pyroraptor olympius and Variraptor mechinorum. Nevertheless, their taxonomic validity and phylogenetic relationships as dromaeosaurids are controversial. Here, we report a new record of a dromaeosaurid-like pedal ungual from the ‘Grès à Reptiles’ Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of the Upper Cretaceous of southern France. The French specimen was assigned to cf. Dromaeosauridae on the basis of an extensive qualitative analysis. The new specimen has a strongly curved morphology with a tall, narrow cross-section, which is one of the most characteristic anatomical features of the family. Direct comparison reveals that the claw is similar to that of Pyroraptor olympius (MNHN BO001) from a stratigraphically correlated locality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".