Neuropathology of feral conures with bromethalin toxicosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bromethalin is a widely used neurotoxic rodenticide sometimes affecting nontarget wildlife. However, the effects of bromethalin on avian species are largely unknown. Here, we report the neuropathology of 14 feral conures ( Psittacara sp.) with bromethalin toxicosis. Clinically, all birds presented with different degrees of paraparesis that sometimes progressed to dysphagia, ataxia, and tetraparesis. Histologically, there was astrogliosis, pallor, and vacuolation of white matter in the brain. This was usually more prominent in the medial longitudinal fasciculus, pons, optic tectum, cerebellar peduncle, and ventral funiculus. In most affected areas, there was loss of oligodendrocytes, and axons had extensive myelin loss or marked intramyelinic edema with splitting of myelin sheaths at the intraperiod line. Conures with bromethalin toxicosis had neuropathological changes similar to those of mammals exposed to bromethalin but with a characteristic distribution, probably related to higher susceptibility to cytotoxic edema in certain regions of the avian brain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".