Bibliographic record
Abstract
I propose that patterns of belowground carbon flux observed under various environmental conditions can be largely explained by plant production of ‘surplus carbon’. Under common environmental conditions such as moderate deficiencies of water, nitrogen or phosphorus, high light, low temperatures, or elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, plant leaf cells produce more photo-assimilates than they are able to use for primary metabolism, and so have surplus fixed carbon. Accumulation of surplus carbohydrates can damage leaf cells and so must be either transformed to other compounds or removed from the leaf. Active carbohydrate sinks are essential for the transport and removal of surplus C. Moderate deficiencies of N or P do not interfere with phloem loading, so much of the surplus C can be transported through the phloem, eventually reaching the roots. Active sinks for surplus carbon in roots include phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated respiration, conversion to starch, transfer to mycorrhizal fungi, or carboxylation to malate which is exuded or taken up by bacteria both inside and outside the root. These active sinks prevent metabolite accumulation and feedback inhibition of photosynthesis. The foundational benefit of belowground C fluxes and transfers to root-associated organisms may be assisting with the removal of surplus fixed carbon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".