Supershear Rupture During the 2021 <i>M</i><sub>W</sub> 7.4 Maduo, China, Earthquake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Combined with the multi‐array back‐projection and finite‐fault joint inversion methods, we investigate the detailed spatiotemporal rupture complexity of the 2021 M W 7.4 Maduo earthquake using seismic and geodetic data. Our results reveal that this earthquake ruptured bilaterally 170 km long fault segments with a duration of 38 s. The obtained back‐projection results, specific aftershock signature of the supershear earthquake, and observations of far‐field Love Mach waves consistently validate that this earthquake is a supershear event. Furthermore, by analyzing global large strike‐slip earthquakes, we find that the moment‐scaled radiated energies of previously well confirmed supershear earthquakes with relatively simple fault geometries are similar to that of the 2021 M W 7.4 Maduo earthquake, which are significantly smaller than those of subshear strike‐slip events. This new finding provides additional supporting evidence to validate the supershear rupture during the 2021 M W 7.4 Maduo earthquake.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".