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Record W4220980403 · doi:10.21608/jlaw.2022.221200

أثر مبدأ حسن النیة فی إنهاء عقود المدة (دراسة تحلیلیة مقارنة)

2022· article· ar· W4220980403 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
محمد ربیع أنور فتح الباب

Bibliographic record

Venueالمجلة القانونیة · 2022
Typearticle
Languagear
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicEuropean and International Contract Law
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

يعد مبدأُ حسن النية من المبادئ الأخلاقية المستقرة والثابتة، التي يجب أن تسود جميعَ العلاقاتِ التعاقدية، بدءًا من مرحلة التفاوض مرورًا بمرحلتيّْ: الإبرام والتنفيذ، وانتهاءً بمرحلة إنهاء العقد، وقد تلقفته التشريعاتُ المدنيةُ في العديدِ من الدول من القانونِ الروماني. ويعني مبدأ حسن النية في مجال العقود، ضرورة أن يتحلى کلُ طرفٍ من أطرافِ العلاقةِ التعاقدية بالصدقِ والأمانةِ والإخلاصِ، وألا يتناقض في تصرفاتِه أو أفعاله، بما يُنبئ عن سوءِ نيةٍ، وبحيث يکون مسؤولًا عن تعويضِ الأضرار التي تصيب الطرفَ الآخر جراء التصرف بسوء نية. غير أن المشرع المصري يُقصر مبدأَ حسن النية في العقود في مرحلة تنفيذِها فقط، کما جرى النصُ على ذلک في المادةِ (148) من القانون المدني، بعکس المشرع الفرنسي الذي يُطلق هذا المبدأ بصورةٍ مُلزمة على مراحلِ: التفاوض، والإبرام، والتنفيذ، کما جرى النصُ على ذلک في المادةِ (1104) من القانون المدني، وفي تشريعاتٍ فرنسية أخرى. وعلى الرغم من اهتمام العديدِ من التشريعات بالنص على مبدأ حسن النية، إلا أنها لم تنص صراحةً على هذا المبدأ في مرحلة إنهاء عقود المدة، وتحديدًا عند إعمال ما تتضمنه تلک العقودُ من جزاءاتٍ اتفاقية کالشرط الفاسخ والتعويض الاتفاقي أو کما يطلق عليه "الشرط الجزائي"، وکذا تلک التي تقوم على العمل، کعقد العمل وعقد الوکالة؛ إذ يظهر مبدأُ حسن النية بجلاءٍ في مرحلة إنهاء تلک العقود، بحيث يتعين على کل طرف أن ينهي العقدَ– متى أراد ذلک– بحسن نية، إلى جانب التقيد بالضوابط القانونية المنصوص عليها في هذا الشأن. فمبدأ حسن النية کما هو مطلوبٌ بإلزامٍ في مراحل التفاوض على العقد وإبرامه وتنفيذه؛ فهو کذلک مطلوبٌ بذاتِ القدر من الإلزام والأهمية في مرحلة إنهاء عقود المدة؛ فکما أن الدخولَ في علاقاتٍ عقدية يستلزم حسنَ النيةِ في الطرفين؛ فإن التحلل منها يستلزم کذلک من الطرفين التحلي بذاتِ الأمر. وتبحث هذه الدراسةُ أثرَ مبدأ حسن النية في مرحلة إنهاء عقود المدة في القانون المدني المصري، مع المقارنة بالقانون المدني الفرنسي وقوانينٍ أخرى، کالقانون المدني لمقاطعة "کيبيک" الکندية. Abstract The principle of good faith is a stable and established moral principle, which must prevail in all contractual relationships, from negotiation through to conclusion and implementation and ending with the stage of contract termination. Civil Codes in many countries have taken it from Roman law. The principle of good faith in the field of contracts means that each of the parties to the contractual relationship must be honest, trustworthy and ethical, and not contradict in his actions, and so that he is responsible for compensating the damages caused to the other party as a result of acting in bad faith. However, the Egyptian legislator limits the principle of good faith in contracts to the stage of contract implementation only, as was stipulated in Article (148) of the Civil Code, in contrast to the French legislator who generalizes this principle with a binding manner to stages: negotiation, conclusion, and implementation, as stipulated in Article (1104) of the Civil Code, and in other French Codes. Despite the interest of many legislators to stipulate the principle of good faith, they did not specifically provide for this principle at the stage of termination of fixed-term contracts, specifically those contracts that include agreement sanctions, such as resolutory clause and agreement compensation or as it is called the “penalty clause”, as well as those which are based on work, such as the employment contract and the agency contract; The principle of good faith appears clearly at this stage, so that each party must terminate the contract- whenever it wants- in good faith, in addition to adhering to the legal controls stipulated in this regard. The principle of good faith, as required with binding in the stages of negotiation, conclusion and implementation of the contract; It is also required with equally important at the stage of termination of fixed-term contracts; Just as entering into contractual relations requires goodwill on both sides; The dissolution of them also requires both parties to show this. This paper examines the impact of the principle of good faith in the phase of termination of fixed-term contracts in the Egyptian Civil Code, compared to the French Civil Code, and other laws, such as: Civil Code of Quebec.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.870
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0030.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0020.001
Research integrity0.0000.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0310.009

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.025
GPT teacher head0.297
Teacher spread0.272 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2022
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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