South American climate reconstruction during the mid-Holocene from an updated paleodata compilation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Investigating the extent and climate implications of the Northern Hemisphere Holocene warm peak that occurred during the mid-Holocene (MH, about 6000 years ago) is of vital interest to better understand and interpret the uncertainties associated with current global warming. Paleoclimate archives are a source of unique indirect measurements, used to characterize past climates. However, several paleo-archives in South America (SA) published before the 2000s have not yet had their derived radiometric ages calibrated, representing a large source of uncertainty in past climate reconstructions. Here we reconstruct eastern SA climate during the MH using 172 paleodata with fully calibrated age models. Our results show that for the MH the Amazon and Southern SA were drier and along the western South Atlantic conditions were saltier compared to present day climate. Southern SA presents warmer than present MH and the region separating Northeast Brazil and Southern SA together with the easternmost part of Northeast Brazil shows divergent behavior, presenting dispersed higher than present rainfall rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".