Effects of dual mycorrhizal inoculation on Pinus strobus seedlings are influenced by soil resource availability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract PURPOSE Mycorrhizal interactions can drive plant productivity, diversity, and ecosystem function; however, gaps remain in our understanding of interactions among plants and different mycorrhizal types. Species in the Pinaceae primarily associate with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi; however, some species can be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as rudimentary hosts. Interactions between plants and mycorrhizal fungi are expected to change along the mutualism-parasitism spectrum with changes in resource availability; however, the impacts of AM fungi on rudimentary hosts under different resource conditions are unknown. METHODS In this study, we assessed the individual and interactive effects of ECM and AM inoculation on Pinus strobus seedlings under factorial combinations of low, medium, or high nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply. RESULTS No AM colonization was observed at the end of the experiment; however, seedlings inoculated with AM fungi showed significantly reduced growth. AM inoculation also had the greatest effect on P. strobus tissue nutrient concentrations under low N fertilization including increased P and reduced Mn and N:P ratio. ECM colonization benefited P. strobus growth and P uptake, especially under low P availability, but ECM colonization rate itself was limited by low P. ECM colonization also improved seedling regulation of N:P ratio near optimum compared to uncolonized seedlings. CONCLUSION We conclude that the effects of ECM and AM inoculation on P. strobus are context dependent, which may have important implications for regeneration and early growth of P. strobus in natural and managed forests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".