Using High Reactivity Attapulgite for Stabilizing Collapsible Gypseous Soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence of gypsum in soil has a high effect on the mechanical and physical properties of soil. This effect depends fundamentally on the type and quantity of gypsum existent in the soil. The present study attempts to improve the physical and mechanical properties of gypseous soil using a new type of pozzolanic material discovered as a pozzolanic material from attapulgite clay. It is called “High Reactivity Attapulgite” HRA. The objective of this study is to investigate the ability of this material to be a moderate stabilizer material used for treating soil. The soil was obtained from one location at depth 1 m with 28% gypsum content. High Reactivity Attapulgite (HRA) was used as a replacement with soil in different percentage (5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%). Experimental tests included Atterberg limits, modified compaction, strength, unconfined compression and consolidation. Then all the tests were conducted on specimens with HRA content that was varied in the range 5-40%. The results showed the important effect of HRA on gypseous soil, as was seen from the reduction in the collapse potential by about 13-90%, and the increase in the unconfined compressive strength from 88 kPa to 271 kPa upon the addition of HRA by 5-40%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".