Availability and Affordability of Medicines for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease across Countries: Information Learned from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The global burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing and, while cardiovascular event incidence is falling in some high-income countries (HICs), increasing rates are being observed in many middle-income countries (MICs) and low-income countries (LICs). There have been discrepancies in the availability and affordability of medicines for diabetes and cardiovascular disease among countries, of which LICs and MICs have seen low availability and affordability. The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study is a large prospective cohort study of over 200,000 people aged 35–70 years from 27 HICs, MICs, and LICs across six geographical regions (Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, North America, and the Middle East). Analyses from this study have contributed greatly to the understanding of the determinants of cardio–metabolic health in LICs and MICs especially. Here, we discuss information learned from the PURE study regarding the availability and affordability of key medicines for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".