Cysteine‐Rich Whey Protein Isolate (CR‐WPI) Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction by Diminishing Oxidative Stress via DDAH/ADMA/NOS Pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase‐ (NOS‐) dependent endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress (OS) is assumed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus‐related erectile dysfunction (DMED). Cysteine‐rich whey protein isolate (CR‐WPI) is a widely used protein supplement and has been confirmed to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). However, it is currently unknown whether CR‐WPI elicits therapeutic effects in DMED. Here, we provide diabetic rats with CR‐WPI to determine its effect on DMED and the underlying mechanisms. The results suggest that CR‐WPI supplementation increased GSH biosynthesis and reduced ROS content and simultaneously upregulated the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)/asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS) metabolic pathway. Evaluation of intracavernous pressure (ICP) also showed an improvement of penile erectile function in CR‐WPI‐treated rats. The results of the vitro cell culture showed that glutathione pretreatment protected corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) from H2O2‐induced apoptosis by decreasing Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 expressions. These results augur well for the potential therapeutic application of dietary CR‐WPI supplementation for treating diabetic erectile dysfunction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".