Cysteine‐Rich Whey Protein Isolate (CR‐WPI) Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction by Diminishing Oxidative Stress via DDAH/ADMA/NOS Pathway
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase‐ (NOS‐) dependent endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress (OS) is assumed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus‐related erectile dysfunction (DMED). Cysteine‐rich whey protein isolate (CR‐WPI) is a widely used protein supplement and has been confirmed to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). However, it is currently unknown whether CR‐WPI elicits therapeutic effects in DMED. Here, we provide diabetic rats with CR‐WPI to determine its effect on DMED and the underlying mechanisms. The results suggest that CR‐WPI supplementation increased GSH biosynthesis and reduced ROS content and simultaneously upregulated the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)/asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS) metabolic pathway. Evaluation of intracavernous pressure (ICP) also showed an improvement of penile erectile function in CR‐WPI‐treated rats. The results of the vitro cell culture showed that glutathione pretreatment protected corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) from H 2 O 2 ‐induced apoptosis by decreasing Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 expressions. These results augur well for the potential therapeutic application of dietary CR‐WPI supplementation for treating diabetic erectile dysfunction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it