Kaempferol over-accumulation in the flavonoid 3’ hydroxylase <i>tt7</i> mutant disrupts seed coat outer integument differentiation and compromises seed longevity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SUMMARY Seeds slowly accumulate damage during storage, which ultimately results in germination failure. The seed coat is the barrier between the embryo and the external environment, and its composition is critical for seed longevity. Flavonols accumulates in the outer integument, but the effect of altering flavonol composition on outer integument development has not been explored. Genetic, biochemical, ultrastructural and transcriptomics assays on a battery of loss-of-function mutants in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were used to study the effect of altered flavonoid composition in seed development and seed longevity. Controlled deterioration assays indicate that loss-of-function of the flavonoid 3’ hydroxylase TT7 gene dramatically affects seed longevity and seed development. Seed outer integument differentiation is compromised from nine days after pollination in tt7 seeds, with a defective suberine layer and incomplete degradation of seed-coat starch. These distinctive phenotypes are not shared by other mutants showing also altered flavonoid composition. Double-mutant analysis indicate that over-accumulation of kaempferol is the primary cause of the observed phenotypes. Expression analysis suggest that the tt7 flavonoid pattern affects transcriptional and non-transcriptional levels of regulation. The increase of kaempferols in the seed coat influences seed development. This positions TT7 as an essential player modulating seed coat development and seed longevity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".