On the role of peat bogs as components of Indigenous cultural landscapes in Northern North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article explores uses of peat bogs and associated plants and other resources by drawing on the published ethnobotanical and archeological literature pertaining to Indigenous groups that lived and continue to live on the Northwest Coast, the Interior/Plateau Regions, Northwestern Canada, the Central and Western Arctic, and the Far Northeast. We examine bog plants used as food and medicine, the relationships between people and bogs as documented through traditional ecological knowledge, and archeological evidence for bogs having been used as places to live and as sources of peat for use as building material. The aim is to bring attention to the fact that peat bogs were, and still are, very much a part of Indigenous cultural landscapes in North America. We suggest that greater attention should be paid to bogs and that a reassessment of their perceived marginality may be necessary to achieve a fuller understanding of past and present human–environment interactions in northern North America.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".