In Utero Brain Growth Matters for Fetuses With Congenital Heart Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
uman brain development is one of the most complex and incompletely understood processes in biology.Yet for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), the preservation of normal neurodevelopment has become one of the most important goals of modern medical management.Up to 50% of children undergoing cardiac surgery for CHD during infancy experience neurodevelopmental delays, with the severity of impairment related to the complexity of the heart disease. 1 A distinct phenotype has emerged, characterized by early delays in motor and speech development, which evolves into mild cognitive impairment, impaired social interaction and communication skills, inattention, impulsive behavior, and impaired executive function.2 As adults, an astonishing 50% of patients with repaired CHD exhibit features of anxiety or other mental health problems.3 Adults with CHD are less likely to receive tertiary education or be in a relationship but are more likely to be unemployed than their unaffected peers.4 Thus, after death and cardiac failure, psychosocial morbidity represents the most debilitating long-term complication of CHD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.035 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".