Free-field soil response to bidirectional horizontal non-uniform ground motion from multi-point shaking table tests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper assesses the dynamic nonlinear free-field soil response under bidirectional horizontal non-uniform excitation through a series of multi-point 1g shaking table tests. The soil bed was enclosed in an innovative soil box supported by an array of three shake tables and was subjected to uniform and non-uniform ground motions in one and two horizontal directions. The soil response to bidirectional and unidirectional excitations, both uniform and non-uniform, were compared and discussed in terms of acceleration time history and Fourier spectra, acceleration amplification factor and soil settlement, as well as shear stress-shear strain behavior. The comparison of soil responses to bidirectional and unidirectional shakings demonstrated that the trends of peak acceleration amplification factors are similar along soil depth, but the response difference to bidirectional and unidirectional shaking is increasingly higher along the soil profile towards the ground surface, especially for uniform excitation. The variations of soil settlement, shear stress-strain and damping curves under bidirectional excitation were similar to that under longitudinal excitation; however, they were much different than those observed under transverse excitation. The soil damping in Y-direction under non-uniform excitation was larger than that under uniform excitation. These different site response characteristics under bidirectional non-uniform excitation should be properly considered in the seismic design of extended infrastructure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".