Restoration of cardiac metabolic flexibility by acetate in high-fat diet-induced obesity is independent of ANP/BNP modulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study hypothesized that cardiac metabolic inflexibility is dependent on cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide/brain natriuretic peptide (ANP/BNP) alteration and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. We further sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of short-chain amino acid (SCFA) acetate in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rat model. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned into groups ( n = 6 per group): Control, Obese, and Sodium acetate (NaAc)-treated and Obese + NaAc-treated groups received distilled water once daily (oral gavage), 40% HFD ad libitum, 200 mg/kg NaAc once daily (oral gavage), and 40% HFD + NaAc, respectively. The treatments lasted for 12 weeks. HFD resulted in increased food intake, body weight, and cardiac mass. It also caused insulin resistance and enhanced β-cell function, increased fasting insulin, lactate, plasma and cardiac triglyceride, total cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, HDAC, and cardiac troponin T and γ-glutamyl transferase, and decreased plasma and cardiac glutathione with unaltered cardiac ANP and BNP. However, these alterations were averted when treated with acetate. Taken together, these results indicate that obesity induces defective cardiac metabolic flexibility, which is accompanied by an elevated level of HDAC and not ANP/BNP alteration. The results also suggest that acetate ameliorates obesity-induced cardiac metabolic inflexibility by suppression of HDAC and independent of ANP/BNP modulation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".