Heteroatoms as Rotational Blocking Groups for Non-Fullerene Acceptors in Indoor Organic Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organic solar cells are particularly attractive for indoor and low-light applications; however, photocurrents are low under these conditions, and devices are particularly sensitive to the presence of defects and trap states. A rotational blocking group is often added to non-fullerene acceptors to reduce both energetic disorder and the number of defects in the active layer. These blocking groups are most often alkyl chains, which require several synthetic steps to install; this inevitably lowers yields and increases costs. Here we report the addition of heteroatom-based blocking groups to the commonly used non-fullerene acceptor IDIC. These blocking groups are synthetically easy to install and highly effective; bromination leads to significant improvements in the efficiency of PTQ10:IDIC devices under both one-sun and low-light illumination. In contrast, thioether blocking groups improve efficiency under one-sun illumination but reduce it in dim light, highlighting the need to design and test donor:acceptor systems specifically for indoor applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".