Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design of a rectangular hollow-section K-connection in which the branches are welded toe-to-toe to the chord is not permitted at present in design guides and codes. To illustrate the feasibility of such connections, two full-scale cold-formed welded rectangular hollow-section K-connection laboratory tests, including one control specimen and one zero-gap specimen, are presented. A new chord face shear analytical model based on a yield-line mechanism is proposed for such connections, and its validity was evaluated against the experiments. Nonlinear finite-element connection models were built and validated against the laboratory tests, and a numerical parametric study was performed on similar connections with a broader range of parameters. From the results of the finite-element study, an empirical connection strength model was also generated by regression curve-fitting. Based on the experimental and numerical data, the proposed chord face shear analytical model is recommended for design of rectangular hollow-section zero-gap K-connections. The gap size can also be increased up to the summation of the two branch thicknesses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".