Foliar Application of Spermidine Reduced the Negative Effects of Salt Stress on Oat Seedlings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of foliar application of spermidine (Spd) on the physiological aspects of salt-stressed oat seedlings were studied under greenhouse conditions. At the seedling stage, the salt-sensitive variety, namely, Caoyou 1 and the salt-tolerant variety, namely, Baiyan 2 were treated with 70 and 100 mM of salt, followed by the foliar application of 0.75 mM Spd or distilled water. Results showed that Spd application increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and reduced the rate of O2⋅– production and the accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, it increased the level of zeatin riboside (ZR) and the content of endogenous polyamines. The application of Spd increased the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline and helped maintain the osmotic balance of oat leaves. At the same time, foliar Spd treatment helped in maintaining the ion nutrition balance. Specifically, it reduced the content of Na+ and thereby stabilized the ratio of Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+, and Na+/Mg2+. The effects of Spd application were more obvious for the salt-sensitive cultivar Caoyou 1 and under the lighter 70 mM salt stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".