This Mass Atrocity was Brought to You by the Ivory Trade: Linking Transnational Organized and International Crimes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Scant attention has been paid to the relationship between the perpetration of transnational organized crimes ( toc s) and international crimes. This paper endeavours to instigate increased scrutiny of how these two crime sets interact. Relying on contributions from conflict and peace studies, I argue that it is useful to study their interaction within an international-transnational crime complex . To elaborate, I explore four conflicts in which an international-transnational crime complex is evident: Kosovo, Sierra Leone, northern Uganda, and Syria. Taken together, these cases demonstrate that these crimes types are linked irrespective of geographic location or the type of actors involved. The paper subsequently explores legal responses available to actors, including the International Criminal Court and specialized domestic units, which could link the prosecution and prevention of toc s and international crimes. The paper concludes with some reflections on the need to further interrogate—in both legal practice and scholarly work—international-transnational crime complexes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".