Perspective on phase-controlled currents in semiconductors driven by structured light
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Controlling electrons with ever-greater precision is central to both classical and quantum electronics. Since the invention of the laser, virtually every property of coherent light has been tamed, making it one of the most precise tools available to science, technology, and medicine. Coherent control involves the transduction of an exquisitely defined property of light to an electronic system, imparting coherence to an attribute of its constituent electrons. Early developments in coherent control utilized Gaussian laser beams and spatially averaged measurements. The spatial structure and orbital angular momentum of laser light provide additional degrees of freedom for steering electronic and quasiparticle excitations in condensed matter systems. In this Perspective, we first introduce the concept of coherent control in semiconductors. We then proceed to discuss the application of structured light beams to coherent control and the requirement for spatially resolved current detection. Subsequently, we present an overview of recent experiments that were performed using cylindrical vector beams and laser beams with structured phase fronts. Finally, we provide an outlook on the horizons that have emerged with these developments and future directions of interest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".