Maternal Exposure to Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastics Causes Fetal Growth Restriction in Mice
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plastics are ubiquitous and, when released into the environment, break down into smaller particles termed microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs). These MPs and NPs can be ingested by organisms and potentially accumulate in tissues and organs. Recently, MPs were found in the placentas of healthy women, raising the concern that exposure to plastics may have an impact on pregnancy and fetal development. In this study, we investigated the effect of maternal exposure to plastics on fetal and placental growth using experimental mice. The dams exposed to plastics received either 5 μm or 50 nm polystyrene plastics in filtered drinking water at one of three concentrations (102, 104, or 106 ng/L). In late gestation, MP- and NP-exposed fetuses were significantly growth restricted, with a 12% decrease in fetal weight at the highest exposure concentration. This study represents a crucial first step toward evaluating the risks to human pregnancies posed by exposure to plastics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it