Late ventricular pacemaker lead perforation after electrical cardioversion—A case report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Key Teaching Points•Late lead perforation, >1 month after implant or upgrade, is rare but can present at all times.•Lead perforation should be suspected in case of pleuritic symptoms, a new pericardial effusion, or acute changes in lead measurements upon device interrogation, including unipolar lead measurements.•Lead perforation diagnosis can be confirmed on echocardiogram or computed tomography scan.•Increased awareness for complications shortly after electrical cardioversion is recommended.•The right ventricular lead should be implanted in a septal position, which can be verified in the left anterior oblique view during implant. •Late lead perforation, >1 month after implant or upgrade, is rare but can present at all times.•Lead perforation should be suspected in case of pleuritic symptoms, a new pericardial effusion, or acute changes in lead measurements upon device interrogation, including unipolar lead measurements.•Lead perforation diagnosis can be confirmed on echocardiogram or computed tomography scan.•Increased awareness for complications shortly after electrical cardioversion is recommended.•The right ventricular lead should be implanted in a septal position, which can be verified in the left anterior oblique view during implant.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".