The effect of the printing temperature on 4D DLP printed pNIPAM hydrogels
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) stands out. pNIPAM presents exceptional characteristics such as a low critical solution temperature (LCST) close to the human physiological temperature and biocompatibility with several cell types. However, these characteristics are greatly affected by processing parameters. In this work, pNIPAM hydrogels were manufactured by AM using digital light processing; the printing temperature was varied between 5, 10 and 15 °C to analyze how it affects the hydrogels' final properties. The impact on hydrogels was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), swelling, deswelling and reswelling analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and compression tests. Based on our results increasing the production temperature of the hydrogels by 10 °C led to a decrease of more than 50% in the maximum swelling capacity, approximately 10% increase in water retention, and 6.5 °C variation in the LCST. The justification for such behaviour lies in the increase of the crosslinking rate and thickening of the external layer of hydrogels, which prevents the free movement of water from its interior.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it