Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Theories on the accumulative nature of disadvantage across the life course suggest that disability during the working years contributes to future disadvantage into old age. This chapter reviews theories of cumulative dis/advantage and illustrates their application using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data to examine wealth accumulation associated with longitudinal patterns of work disability across the life course beginning in early adulthood. The accumulation of economic disadvantage across the life course associated with disability can be seen in findings related to the timing and duration of work disability and its relationship with accumulated wealth approaching retirement. For example, among those with early-onset work disability, over half were in the bottom wealth quartile in their mid-60s, compared to one-fifth of those who never experienced a work disability. Individuals experiencing disability on and off over the work life course were almost three times more likely than the never work disabled to have wealth in the bottom wealth quartile, and those who never experienced a work disability were more likely to be in the top wealth quartile.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".