Burden and Predictors of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Retrospective Cohort of Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and comorbid predictors of NAFLD in patients with CD. Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study to determine the prevalence, characteristics, comorbidities, and hospitalization outcomes associated with NAFLD in patients with CD. Comparison between groups was performed by Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. We performed a binary logistic regression analysis for predictors of NAFLD among patients with CD. Results: We extracted 215,049 index hospital discharges with CD; 2.4% had NAFLD. CD patients, with NAFLD, had increased length of stay (4 days; interquartile range (IQR): 2 - 6 vs. 3; IQR: 2 - 6, P < 0.01), and increased median total charges ($32,305.5; IQR: $18,600 - $61,599 vs. $30,782; IQR: $16,847 - $58,667, P < 0.01), compared to CD patients without NAFLD. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was found to be independently associated with increased mortality (odds ratio (OR): 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1 - 2.6, P = 0.03) and a higher odd for all-cause 30-day non-elective readmission (OR: 1.6: 95% CI: 1.3 - 1.9, P < 0.001). Factors independently associated with NAFLD in patients with CD included portal hypertension (OR: 5.347; 95% CI: 4.604 - 6.211, P < 0.001), vitamin A deficiency (OR: 9.89; 95% CI: 4.49 - 21.76, P < 0.001) and vitamin B12 deficiency (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.098 - 2.209, P = 0.013). Conclusions: NAFLD is associated with worse hospitalization outcomes in patients with CD. Study findings suggest the need for early identification and effective management of NAFLD predictors to reduce complications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".