Performance of Plastic Powder on Calcareous Soil Stabilization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Calcareous soils are widely distributed in many regions of the world, including the Arabian Peninsula, especially the central and northern regions, as well as in Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria and Iran. The properties of those soils are of a collapsing nature, especially when moistened, because they contain calcareous salts, which are hydrated calcium carbonate. This study sheds light on the possibility of improving the properties of these soils by adding plastic powder from used or stock tires by different mixing ratios (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) and tested them in the laboratory using a laboratory model manufactured specifically for the requirements of this study. 50 loading tests were carried out on 5 natural calcareous soils with different Calcium Carbonate content and square base with 15 cm width. The study showed a significant improvement in the maximum bearing capacity of the soil by adding (4%) of this additive, as the ultimate bearing capacity increased more than 4 times compared to the untreated one. Recycling spent rubber contributes to preserving the environment by getting rid of these unwanted materials, and at the same time improving the properties of those soils after mixing them with certain weight ratios and thus contributing to protecting the environment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".