Monotonic property of steel–RC composite beams strengthened with externally pre-stressed tendons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents an experimental investigation on composite beams (CB) to explore the effectiveness of adding external post-tensioning (EPT) force, as a strengthening technique, on the monotonic flexural performance of composite samples. Two experiments on CB were conducted under three-point loading. High-strength steel strands post-tensioned to 46% of the ultimate strength were used to apply the EPT. Moreover, a finite element (FE) model is developed to present numerical investigations on the monotonic and fatigue behaviors of the CB with and without EPT by considering the slip between the concrete slabs and steel beams as well as the fatigue deterioration in the concrete slabs. A FE parametric study is conducted using the proposed FE model to investigate the effect of steel beam grade, tendon eccentricity, span-to-depth ratio, and fatigue loading. The optimum span-to-depth ratio to obtain the maximum contribution of the EPT force in improving the CB capacities is 9.0.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".