Monotonic property of steel–RC composite beams strengthened with externally pre-stressed tendons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents an experimental investigation on composite beams (CB) to explore the effectiveness of adding external post-tensioning (EPT) force, as a strengthening technique, on the monotonic flexural performance of composite samples. Two experiments on CB were conducted under three-point loading. High-strength steel strands post-tensioned to 46% of the ultimate strength were used to apply the EPT. Moreover, a finite element (FE) model is developed to present numerical investigations on the monotonic and fatigue behaviors of the CB with and without EPT by considering the slip between the concrete slabs and steel beams as well as the fatigue deterioration in the concrete slabs. A FE parametric study is conducted using the proposed FE model to investigate the effect of steel beam grade, tendon eccentricity, span-to-depth ratio, and fatigue loading. The optimum span-to-depth ratio to obtain the maximum contribution of the EPT force in improving the CB capacities is 9.0.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".