Automated Dcis Identification From Multiplex Immunohistochemistry Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) is a non-obligatory precursor of Invasive Breast Cancer. It is the most common mammographically detected breast cancer. Predicting DCIS progression to invasive ductal carcinoma is a major clinical challenge due to the lack of a uniform classification system in the diagnosis and prognostication of this disease. To characterise the tissue microecology of DCIS, we proposed and tested the model "DCIS-Identification model" based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) for detection and segmentation of DCIS ducts from multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining samples. We also trained a Spatially Constrained Convolutional Neural Network (SC-CNN) to detect and classify single cells based on their CA9 and FOXP3 expression. The DCIS-Identification model was evaluated on 8 whole slide images, resulting in an average Dice score of 0.95 for the segmentation performance. The single cell identification framework was tested on 10 randomly selected whole slide sections, achieving the average accuracy of 88.6% in a 5 fold cross validation scheme. With the proposed pipeline, we efficiently integrated deep learning, computational pathology and spatial statistics to report distinct differences in the microenvironments of DCIS and IDC/DCIS samples. The proposed pipeline provides a tool for a better understanding of the mechanism of tumours in DCIS and IDC/DCIS cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".