Reducing Anxiety Levels During a Pandemic with Virtual Art Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The quasi-experimental pre-post study presented in this chapter examines the use of virtual individual art therapy for the alleviation of anxiety of 87 Canadian and international adult clients (over 18 years of age). From May 2020 to May 2021, student art therapists at the Canadian International Institute of Art Therapy used three Likert ten-point scale questions to measure changes in their clients’ anxiety levels before and after virtual art therapy sessions. The study showed a 36% reduction in anxiety after the art therapy session when comparing mean anxiety scores at the beginning of the session to the end. When comparing the anxiety score from the past week to the end of the session, anxiety was lowered even further by 45% at session end. Furthermore, there was a smaller reduction of 14% between the mean past week score and the score at the beginning of the session. Although these results are preliminary and contain a small sample size, they are encouraging and should be expanded upon with a longer-term and large-scale study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".