Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.
Venuenot available
Typeparatext
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicBig Data and Business Intelligence
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersUniversity of California, DavisAmes Research CenterIndraprastha Institute of Information Technology, DelhiSingapore Management UniversityUniversité de LyonDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and TechnologyUniversiteit HasseltUniversität StuttgartInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberKing Mongkut's University of Technology North BangkokUniversity of Cape TownKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and DesignTechnische Universität BerlinAustrian Institute of TechnologyUniversity of California, IrvineOulun YliopistoLinnéuniversitetetIndian Institute of Technology BombayUniversidade de LisboaLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenNewcastle UniversityUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaNational Tsing Hua UniversityBinus UniversityTechnische Universität WienUniversity of Ontario Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TokyoUniversity of AucklandDanmarks Tekniske UniversitetAlfaisal UniversityUniversity of WaterlooPennsylvania State UniversitySimon Fraser UniversityUniversity of TorontoMarquette UniversityUniversità degli Studi di Milano-BicoccaRWTH Aachen UniversityUniversity of GlasgowChulalongkorn UniversityUniversität UlmChalmers Tekniska HögskolaUniversity of WashingtonAalborg UniversitetUniversiti Putra MalaysiaUniversity of California, San DiegoUniversité Paris-SaclayUniversity of CincinnatiAalto-YliopistoUniversity of SeoulNorthwestern UniversityKangwon National UniversityUniversity of South AustraliaKungliga Tekniska HögskolanUniversity of MelbourneMonash UniversityUniversity of Toronto MississaugaInternational Science and Technology CenterUniversity of LimerickNational University of SingaporePrinceton UniversitySwansea UniversityUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraMasarykova UniverzitaGoogleAustralian National UniversityUniversity of SussexLehigh UniversityTechnische Universiteit EindhovenTechnische Universität DarmstadtUniversity of OxfordCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueKing's College LondonRMIT UniversityUniversity of WarwickAarhus UniversitetIndiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisUniversität SiegenUniversity of Central FloridaPolitecnico di TorinoNorthumbria UniversityInstitut Polytechnique de ParisUniversität SalzburgUniversità degli Studi di MilanoKingston UniversityUniversity of California MercedAugusta UniversityUmeå UniversitetDeakin UniversityUniversity of DenverWestern Washington UniversityLahore University of Management SciencesUniversidad Politécnica de MadridQueensland University of TechnologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaUniversity of PatrasUniversität des SaarlandesUniversity College DublinMicrosoft ResearchMcGill UniversityWellesley CollegeUniversity of Colorado BoulderUniversity College LondonUniversity of SouthamptonUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroGeorgia Institute of TechnologyCarl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgUniversität BremenCarnegie Mellon UniversityFlanders MakeUniversity of Central LancashireArizona State UniversityTrent UniversitySyddansk UniversitetHarvard UniversitySyracuse UniversityYork UniversityOhio State UniversityMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCalifornia Institute of TechnologyVlaamse regeringClemson UniversityHSBC Bank USANational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaPurdue UniversityMalmö HögskolaKing Saud UniversityFlorida State UniversityDalhousie UniversitySan Francisco State UniversityTechnische Universiteit DelftStockholms UniversitetBauhaus-Universität WeimarUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore County
KeywordsComputer science
Abstract
fetched live from OpenAlexGrounded Theory Methodology (GTM) is a powerful way to develop theories where there is little existing research using a flexible but rigorous empirically-based approach. Although it originates from the fields of social and health sciences, it is a field-agnostic methodology that can be used in any discipline. However, it tends to be misunderstood by researchers within HCI. This paper sets out to explain what GTM is, how it can be useful to HCI researchers, and examples of how it has been misapplied. There is an overview of the decades of methodological debate that surrounds GTM, why it’s important to be aware of this debate, and how GTM differs from other, better understood, qualitative methodologies. It is hoped the reader is left with a greater understanding of GTM, and better able to judge the results of research which claims to use GTM, but often does not.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Scholarly communication, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.876
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Teacher spread0.176 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
